真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)斷路(lu)器滅弧(hu)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)是保證真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)開關(guan)絕緣(yuan)性(xing)(xing)能和(he)滅弧(hu)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要技(ji)術指標，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)開關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)測試已(yi)經成為真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)開關(guan)周期性(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查和(he)預防性(xing)(xing)試驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要內容之一，本文介(jie)紹了(le)幾種真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現場檢(jian)測方法，通過對(dui)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)斷路(lu)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧(hu)室(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)降(jiang)低原因的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)，說(shuo)明了(le)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)測試儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)原理，并提出(chu)了(le)利用(yong)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)測試儀(yi)對(dui)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)開關(guan)進行真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)度(du)測試的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些問題(ti)和(he)注意事項。

由(you)于真空開(kai)關具有(you)開(kai)斷容量大、滅弧(hu)性能好、機械電(dian)(dian)壽命長(chang)、維護工作(zuo)量小、檢(jian)修周期長(chang)等優(you)點，在保定(ding)供電(dian)(dian)公司10 k V、35 kV電(dian)網中得到廣泛應用。截至2001年底(di)，保定供電(dian)公司10 kV開關已經(jing)全部更換為真空開關。從1999年～2001年，在真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)發生的(de)(de)缺(que)陷和事故中，真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)降低(di)問題較突出，后果也(ye)較為嚴重(zhong)，主(zhu)要表現(xian)為真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泡慢性漏氣導致真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)降低(di)，有幾次發現(xian)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)降低(di)引(yin)起開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)斷口(kou)間(jian)絕緣耐壓不合(he)格，險些造成(cheng)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)爆炸(zha)。同(tong)前幾年真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)缺(que)陷主(zhu)要集中在機構上比(bi)較，目前開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)缺(que)陷主(zhu)要集中在滅弧室(shi)的(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度(du)上。因(yin)此，切實加強真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)核心部(bu)件——真(zhen)空(kong)滅弧(hu)室真(zhen)空(kong)度的現場(chang)檢測工作(zuo)十分(fen)重(zhong)要。現場(chang)檢查真(zhen)空(kong)度常用觀察法、交流(liu)耐壓法、電(dian)磁(ci)法3種(zhong)。

　　a．觀察(cha)法

　主要是由運(yun)行人員對運(yun)行中的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)斷路器進行簡單判(pan)別，通過觀(guan)察涂在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)玻璃泡內表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)氣劑薄(bo)膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)顏(yan)色(se)變(bian)化來判(pan)斷真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度良好時，吸(xi)氣劑的(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)膜(mo)非常(chang)亮像(xiang)鏡(jing)面(mian)；如果真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度降(jiang)低(di)，吸(xi)氣劑薄(bo)膜(mo)變(bian)成乳白色(se)。這種判(pan)斷方法只有在(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度降(jiang)到很低(di)時才能被發(fa)現，并且對于(yu)陶瓷外殼的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)滅弧(hu)室無法使(shi)用。

　　b．交流耐壓(ya)法

　是采用工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)法檢查真(zhen)(zhen)空滅弧室真(zhen)(zhen)空度(du)。這種方(fang)法是以前的(de)預防性(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗中測(ce)試(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)空度(du)時應用的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)方(fang)法。將(jiang)真(zhen)(zhen)空開(kai)關(guan)置于(yu)分(fen)閘(zha)狀態，在真(zhen)(zhen)空滅弧室的(de)動靜觸(chu)頭之間加交流(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)，工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)規范為：在額定(ding)開(kai)距時，兩端加額定(ding)工(gong)頻耐受電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)70％，穩定1 min，然后在(zai)1 min內升至額定工頻(pin)耐受電壓，保持1 min無儀表(biao)指針(zhen)突(tu)變及跳閘現(xian)(xian)象即為合格(ge)。允許管內有(you)零星(xing)火星(xing)及其(qi)它輕微發光現(xian)(xian)象。這種(zhong)方法(fa)不(bu)能(neng)對(dui)真空(kong)(kong)開關(guan)真空(kong)(kong)泡(pao)的(de)(de)真　　空(kong)(kong)度進行直接檢測(ce)。以前只能(neng)根據這種(zhong)試驗(yan)方法(fa)來判(pan)斷真空(kong)(kong)開關(guan)的(de)(de)真空(kong)(kong)度是否滿足要求。這種(zhong)方法(fa)只能(neng)對(dui)滅弧室的(de)(de)真空(kong)(kong)狀(zhuang)況做出粗略判(pan)定(ding)，不(bu)能(neng)得出真空(kong)(kong)度的(de)(de)具體數據。對(dui)于真空(kong)(kong)度的(de)(de)變化沒有(you)任(ren)何(he)反應，只有(you)在工頻耐壓試驗(yan)不(bu)合格(ge)時，才(cai)能(neng)發現(xian)(xian)真空(kong)(kong)度的(de)(de)降低，這時已經很危(wei)險了(le)。

　　c．電(dian)磁法

　是對真空(kong)斷路器的滅弧室(shi)采(cai)用電磁法進行試驗，試驗方法為：在滅弧室(shi)分開的觸頭間施加磁場，然后再施加一個最(zui)長持(chi)續時間為100 ms的脈沖電壓，可由流過電流的大小估算(suan)出(chu)真空(kong)(kong)滅(mie)弧室(shi)內的氣(qi)體(ti)壓力。從目前(qian)現場(chang)試(shi)驗的情況(kuang)看，采用這(zhe)種方法(fa)獲得的數(shu)據最為準確(que)(que)、有效，它可以推(tui)算(suan)出(chu)真空(kong)(kong)開關真空(kong)(kong)度的準確(que)(que)數(shu)值，試(shi)驗可靠性(xing)較高。

　　除(chu)以(yi)上(shang)3種主要方法(fa)外還(huan)有火花(hua)計法(fa)，它只(zhi)適用(yong)于玻璃管真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)滅(mie)弧(hu)室，通(tong)過火花(hua)計檢漏(lou)儀在滅(mie)弧(hu)室表(biao)面移動(dong)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)管內(nei)光(guang)的顏(yan)色(se)來(lai)判斷真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)滅(mie)弧(hu)室是否合格，淡(dan)青色(se)表(biao)明真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度良(liang)好(hao)，紅藍色(se)表(biao)明滅(mie)弧(hu)室真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)度極低，不發(fa)光(guang)表(biao)示已(yi)嚴(yan)重漏(lou)氣。